Assurance regime; jurisdiction US
Food safety
Private benchmarked certification schemes plus government accreditation of the certifiers; melamine showed private audits can miss deliberate adulteration.
Path signature
M mandate T trigger M mandate V voluntary T trigger O oversight
Similarity of its opening to frontier AI: 0.22 (matched opening MTMVTO)
Stages reached
| Voluntary | 2000 |
| Trigger | 1993 |
| Mandate | 1906 |
| Standards | not reached |
| Oversight | 2011 |
| Independence | not reached |
| Access | not reached |
Mechanisms
| Before reform | Now | |
|---|---|---|
| pays | A | A |
| selects | A | A |
| access | deep | deep |
| publishes | none | summary |
| oversees | none | regulator |
Producer pays private certifiers; FDA accredits them; government inspection alongside.
Payer, access, publication
Who pays. Producer pays private certifiers; government inspection publicly funded.
Access. Plant inspection; records; sampling.
Publication. Inspection results partly public; private audit reports confidential.
Milestones
| Year | Kind | Event | Strength | Harm | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1906 | mandate | Federal Meat Inspection Act. | 3 | source | |
| 1993 | trigger | Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak. | deaths: 4 deaths, hundreds ill | source | |
| 1996 | mandate | HACCP rule for meat and poultry. | 3 | source | |
| 2000 | voluntary assurance | Global Food Safety Initiative benchmarks private certification schemes. | source | ||
| 2008 | trigger | Melamine adulteration in China. | deaths: 6 infant deaths, 300,000 ill | source | |
| 2011 | accreditation | FSMA authorizes FDA accreditation of third-party certification bodies. | 3 | source |
seed; secondary sources; verify each milestone against a primary source before citing in the paper Data: data/industries/food-safety.json